Cracking crude oil using microwaves

Making crude oil useful fractional distillation and cracking. In refineries hydrocarbon sludge is usually generated during cleaning up of crude oil storage tanks, maintenance of associated facilities and preexport processing i. We find that it is possible to perform hydrodesulfurization reactions using microwave heating in conjunction with iron powder as a catalyst. There are different predictions when crude oil will run out. A worksheet that covers the key points of cracking crude oil, including the aspect of supply and demand. Cracking can be done with high temperatures or with the use of a catalyst. Oil used for cooking is usually derived from plant or animal fats.

For cold cracking, it would be anticipated that refinery streams currently sent to a fluidized catalytic cracker fcc unit would be treated, and not the entire crude oil. Reforming is a process designed to increase the volume of gasoline that can be produced from a barrel of crude oil. Crude oil is composed of mostly hydrocarbons, both aliphatic and aromatic, as well as some molecules that act as surfactants. The chromatogram obtained for the condensate oil reaction product.

Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. S bonds is the smallest among heavy crude oil molecules. Although this technology is currently still in development, it has the potential to cut back on energy input costs of cracking applications in the future ceralink inc. Us20060251557a1 process using microwave energy and a. Petroleum oily sludge and the prospects of microwave for. Application of carbon nanocatalysts in upgrading heavy crude oil.

Liquid nhexane cracking under the action of microwave radiation. One of these is thermal cracking which is used on crude oil. Thermal cracking was followed by other developments in the 1920s and 1930s. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carboncarbon bonds in the precursors. The sulfur content of the original crude oil was reduced by 2. The saudi arabian oil company aramco has discussed plans to build a crudetoolefins complex. High pressure from above and high temps from below cause oil to form.

Thermal cracking is a process in which hydrocarbons present in crude oil are subject to high heat and temperature to break the molecular bonds and breaking down longchained, higherboiling hydrocarbons into shorterchained, lowerboiling hydrocarbons. Without any cracking units, a refinery would produce those percentages. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of catalysts. The resulting fractions have different uses depending on their properties, and some fractions are more useful than others. Reforming rearranges naphtha hydrocarbons into gasoline molecules. A method for heating heavy oil inside a production well. Microwave and rf heating methods have been used to recover oil and gas from oil shale and oil sands 15, 23, 24, but there have been only limited reports of microwave assisted cracking of heavy oil hydrocarbons in the scientific literature. Thermal cracking of crude oil involves heating the heavier distillates like asphalt to temperatures over 800 degrees celsius, which breaks down the hydrocarbon chains. It was demonstrated cracking reactions in the gas oil could be generated by using microwaves.

We have probed the effect of microwave irradiation on desulfurization of crude oil and dibenzothiophene. After discussing the fundamental issues associated with conversion of microwave energy into heat, we present measurements of the dielectric properties of heavy oils at 2. In general, shorter chain hydrocarbons are more useful than longer chains. Doing them offers our scalps and hair so many benefits, thanks to the nutrients that are found in our favorite oils, like coconut and olive. Free radicals reactive species with unpaired electrons, but no electronic charge are the active species that govern thermal cracking reactions. Thermal cracking produces shorter straight chain alkanes from longer straight chains found in gas oils or other crude oil fractions. Thermal cracking methanol economy global warming causes.

Gcse crude oil revise the thermal cracking reaction. A naphtha feed with hydrocarbons with molecular weights within 106 and 196. Thermal cracking is one of the most important procedural steps in the refinery for converting crude oil into the lighter and valuable petroleum products such as gasoline or petrol, diesel fuel, residual heavy oil, coke, and many gases such as c1, c2, c3, c4 methane, ethane, propane, butane. An equipment to perform microwave assisted thermal cracking is described. Desulfurization of heavy crude oil by microwave irradiation.

Sabic is another company that has looked into direct crudetoolefins. Cracking oil fractions reaction conditions products. Sometimes oils from multiple plants are mixed and simply sold in stores as vegetable. Heavy oil production using fracking and microwaves. The american chemist, william burton, is usually credited with being the inventor of the thermal cracking process. A large part of refining involves separating the different fractions of crude oil and other intermediate streams. Catalytic cracking of light gas oil using microwaves as. The truth is that many others of different nationalities have been involved as the process has been developed and improved over time.

If youre like most naturals, youre using it multiple times monthly. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. Many emulsions in the crude oil industry consist of highly polar water molecules dispersed in a minimally or nonpolar hydrocarbon continuous phase. Polymerization oligomerization yields highoctane gasoline. Us8365823b2 insitu upgrading of heavy crude oil in a. Recommend carrying out cracking demonstration whilst discussing the questions as it can take a while. The present invention relates to methods of treating heavy crude oil on the surface or in situ.

Chemical processing how oil refining works howstuffworks. Microwave pyrolysis was performed on waste engine oil premixed with different. Crude oil is useless until we separate this mixture using fractional distillation. Heavy crude oil upgrading using nanoparticles by applying. Modeling of well drilling heating on crude oil using. Water oil emulsion separation by microwave irradiation. The activator is then excited with a generated microwave frequency such that the excited activator heats the heavy oil. A process for cracking hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure includes the following steps. By controlling the temperature using very tall distillation columns, different fractions of. Us4279722a use of microwaves in petroleum refinery. Coconut shellbased activated carbon was utilized as a catalyst to assist in elevating the pyrolysis temperature and facilitate thermal cracking. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. Cracking temperature of crude oil refining, hydrocarbons.

Used in the oil and gas industry to refer to a variety of methods whereby a larger product is broken down into smaller byproducts. The invention generally relates to a method for lowering the gravity and viscosity of crude oil by cracking longer chained hydrocarbon molecules into shorter chained hydrocarbon molecules and to the simultaneous or to an independent demulsification of hydrocarbon emulsions by means of microwave radiation, primarily on a nonthermal andor lowenergy basis. Thermal cracking, the first downstream process that changed the petroleum industry, permitted by the use of high temperature and pressure the heavy, lowvalue feedstock to be broken into lighter, highervalue heating oil, diesel, and gasoline. I know there are recomended values for the cot but is it possible to calculate. Cold cracking of petroleum by use of sonication, microwaves or microwave heating. About 47000mt of sludge is generated in 201112 by indian. It takes heavy oil and cracks it into gasoline and. The heating of the crude glycerol inside the quartz reactor was performed using microwaves.

Because of the high severity of thermal cracking during coking, the residue feed is completely converted to gas, light and medium distillates, and coke with no. Modeling is conducted by assuming that the diameter of the well is 11,16 cm, the heat source is applied on the surface of the well, and the cutoff frequency in the air and on crude oil are 1,56 ghz. A naphtha feed with hydrocarbons with molecular weights within 106 and 196 produced. Why you should never use microwaved hot oil treatments for. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Coking is the most severe thermal process used in the refinery to treat the very bottomofthebarrel of crude oil, i. How often do you use hot oil treatments in your hair.

Pdf microwave treatment in oil refining researchgate. Corn, safflower, olive, peanut, coconut, canola, margarine. Microwaveassisted pyrolysis of fuel oil for hydrocarbons upgrading. Catalytic cracking of light gas oil using microwaves as energy source. Hydrocarbons in the naphtha stream have roughly the same number of carbon atoms as those in gasoline, but their structure is generally more complex. In general, there are two types of thermal cracking that may be used. Microwave reduce the dispersion of the parameters related to the size and shape of crystals circular diameter, roundness, and aspect ratio relative to the crude oil.

Desulfurization of heavy crude oil by microwave irradiation wit press. Coconutbased activated carbon was used as a microwave receptor. Refinery crude oil distillation process complete full hd duration. For the crude oil fractions, the sulfur reductions were up to 48% and 10% for lighter and heavier fractions respectively. The idea, as expressed by modernday proponents such as. This method of breaking up the hydrocarbons within the crude oil requires the application of high heat, high pressure or a combination of the two to break up the molecules into smaller pieces. Equipment for microwave assisted thermal cracking of hydrocarbons. There are two good economic reasons for cracking oil fractions i there isn. Yan and qizhu 2000 performed cracking of crude oil using microwave energy with high recovery rate. Fuel oil is the least valuable oil product, and it. The food absorbs the microwaves and its molecules begin to rotate causing heat. Highlights catalytic cracking of light gas oil using microwaves 2. In this paper, we discuss the potential of using microwave techniques in the refinement of heavy fraction of petroleums such as bunker oil. This study examines the process of upgrading a heavy oil sample from iran using fe.

The majority of the use we get out of crude oil is as fuel. Thermal cracking is an extraction process in which hydrocarbons such as crude oil are. Multivariable statistical analysis and optimization of. A typical light sweet crude will produce about 60% light products lpg, gasoline, jet fuel, diesel and 40% heavy fuel oil. The method raises the subsurface temperature of heavy oil by utilizing an activator that has been injected below the surface. After well drilling, some crude oil may be sent for thermal cracking. Thermal cracking definition and meaning collins english. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and cracking. Cracking, or refining, is the overall reduction of lengths of hydrocarbon chains, usually in alkanes. For example, crude oil can be processed cracked to.

In this report we examine some of the technologies required to support the direct production of olefins from crude oil. The main purpose of hot oil treatments is to use heat to help these wonderful oils soak into our strands and scalp. Label each of the outlets on the refinery tower below with the products that are produced. The idea of using microwaves to get to the fossil fuels hiding in shale rock is not new. Cracking temperature of crude oil posted in refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas. Is a fossil fuel which comes directly from the earths crust. The effect of hydrogen pressure, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst source have been studied. Some components are altered by cracking and reforming to be made into more useful mixtures. Catalytic microwave pyrolysis of waste engine oil using. While water boils at a single temperature, crude oil boils over a wide range of temperatures. An oil refinery separates crude oil into its components by distillation.

Cracking methods for oil and gas drilling hill country. Us4279722a us061,167 us116780a us4279722a us 4279722 a us4279722 a us 4279722a us 116780 a us116780 a us 116780a us 4279722 a us4279722 a us 4279722a authority us united states prior art keywords catalytic catalyst method hydrogen operation prior art date 19781024 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Microwavepromoted desulfurization of heavy and sulfur. The reason that microwaves are not a great way to heat oils though is because they take a lot of energy to raise the oils temp which is a waste and can also lead to the container cracking before the oil gets too hot. Pdf in this paper, we discuss the potential of using microwave techniques in the. Cracking is a thermal decomposition process by which large alkane hydrocarbon molecules are broken down by passing them over a heated catalyst at high pressure. Application of carbon nanocatalysts in upgrading heavy. The lower loss e2 of bunker oil by around a factor of 2 compared to crude oil is most likely due to a y t iv 0. Catalytic cracking tests were performed in a spoutedbed reactor partially filled with zeolitic catalyst. This paper presents the modeling results of heat treatment on crude oil using microwave energy. Gunal and islam 2000 investigated thermal alterations of crude oil properties using electromagnetic and ultrasonic irradiation.